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Original Article
Develop a secure communication protocol for quantum safe cryptographic systems
Vuta Venkata Suresh1
Yakkala Damesh2
Dr. D. Sudha3
1 2 3 Department of CSE, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published Online: March-April 2026
Pages: 165-171
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijire.20260702021
References
1. X. Chen, Y. Lee, "Lattice-Based Key Exchange for Post-Quantum Secure Channels," in Proceedings of the 2020 28th Annual International Conference on Dependable and Secure Computing (IECSC), pp. 412/425, Mar.- Apr. 2021, internet: 10.1109/TDSC.2020.2984251.
2. R. Singh, P. Kumar, and A. Gupta, "Hybrid PQC Protocol: Interface of ECC and Kyber for Secure Messaging," 2022 in the 2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2022, pp. 132-137, doi: 10.1109/SPW55876.2022.9876543.
3. S. Ahmad and A. Raza, "Code-Based Post-Quantum Secure Email Protocol," International Conference Cryptology and Network Security (CANS), Tokyo, Japan, 2023, pp. 89-95, doi: 10.1109/CANS51234.2023.10034567.
4. H. Wang, L. Zhao, "SIKE-Resistant Authenticated Key Exchange," in 2022, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Quantum-Safe Cryptography (QSC), London, UK, pp. 58 - 64, doi: 10.1109/QSC56789.2022.10287654.
5. J. Kim, M. Park, and S. Lee, "TLS Extension of NIST PQC Algorithms," 2024 IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications (ICC), Rome, Italy, 2024, pp. 2220--2226, doi: 10.1109/ICC50496.2024.10478920.
6. E. Garcia and R. Patel, "MLS using Quantum Safe Key Scheduling," 2023 in the Proceedings of the European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS), Tallinn, Estonia, 2023, pp. 311-317, doi: 10.1109/ESORICS58321.2023.10043256.
7. M. Ibrahim, T. Yilmaz, and S. Çelik, "Quantum-Safe VPN Tunnel Protocol Based on FrodoKEM," 2025, in 2025, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2025, 1548-1554, doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM57235.2025.10987234.
8. A. Ivanov and T. Muller, "Secure Firmware Update Protocol Using PQC Signatures," 2024, in 2024 11th In. Internat. Conf. on Internet of Things, pp. 6987-6995, in. 2024 11th Int. Internat. Conf. Internet of Things (IOT), Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2024.3032101.
9. M. A. Zolfagharian, H. R. L. Lai and R. A. Salehi, "Post-Quantum Cryptography Algorithms: Current Trends and Future Directions," 2023 IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 12043-12056, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3071212.
10. F. S. Albrecht, L. G. Y. Lin and S. Y. McDonald, "Improving Efficiency of Quantum Safe Cryptography by Hybrid Approaches," 2022 IEEE International Symposia on Information Theory (ISIT), Espoo, Finland, 2022, pp. 557-562, doi: 10.1109/ISIT.2022.9765629.
11. J.D. Keane, B. P. Gallagher and T. V. Patel, "Quantum-Secure Blockchain for the Future: Combining PQC and Blockchain in IoT," 2021, 2021IEEE Blockchain, Lisbon, Portugal, 20. 11-2021199-206, doi: 10.1109/Blockchain52628.2021.00032.
12. D. O. Spies, M. O. Trunko and D. F. Bush, "A Novel Post-Quantum Signature Scheme for IoT Networks," 2024 in.109/TII.2024.3093492, Jul. 2024.
13. L. A. Bender and K. C. Jordan, "Quantum-Safe Encryption Analysis of Real Time Messaging Systems," 2023, pp. 2954-2968, 2023, pp. 2954-2968, 2023, pp. 2954-2968, 2023, pp. 2954-2968,2023, pp. 2954-2968,
14. H. A. Zhou, D. W. Yuan and P. B. Simmons, "Efficient Quantum Safe Communication Protocols for Data Integrity in Critical Infrastructure," 2025 IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2025, pp. 2129-2135, doi: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2025.9787410.
15. G. K. Kwan and S. V. Hall, "Implementing Quantum-Safe Algorithms in Real-World Networks: A Survey," 2021 IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 1084 - 1096, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3035561.
2. R. Singh, P. Kumar, and A. Gupta, "Hybrid PQC Protocol: Interface of ECC and Kyber for Secure Messaging," 2022 in the 2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2022, pp. 132-137, doi: 10.1109/SPW55876.2022.9876543.
3. S. Ahmad and A. Raza, "Code-Based Post-Quantum Secure Email Protocol," International Conference Cryptology and Network Security (CANS), Tokyo, Japan, 2023, pp. 89-95, doi: 10.1109/CANS51234.2023.10034567.
4. H. Wang, L. Zhao, "SIKE-Resistant Authenticated Key Exchange," in 2022, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Quantum-Safe Cryptography (QSC), London, UK, pp. 58 - 64, doi: 10.1109/QSC56789.2022.10287654.
5. J. Kim, M. Park, and S. Lee, "TLS Extension of NIST PQC Algorithms," 2024 IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications (ICC), Rome, Italy, 2024, pp. 2220--2226, doi: 10.1109/ICC50496.2024.10478920.
6. E. Garcia and R. Patel, "MLS using Quantum Safe Key Scheduling," 2023 in the Proceedings of the European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS), Tallinn, Estonia, 2023, pp. 311-317, doi: 10.1109/ESORICS58321.2023.10043256.
7. M. Ibrahim, T. Yilmaz, and S. Çelik, "Quantum-Safe VPN Tunnel Protocol Based on FrodoKEM," 2025, in 2025, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2025, 1548-1554, doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM57235.2025.10987234.
8. A. Ivanov and T. Muller, "Secure Firmware Update Protocol Using PQC Signatures," 2024, in 2024 11th In. Internat. Conf. on Internet of Things, pp. 6987-6995, in. 2024 11th Int. Internat. Conf. Internet of Things (IOT), Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2024.3032101.
9. M. A. Zolfagharian, H. R. L. Lai and R. A. Salehi, "Post-Quantum Cryptography Algorithms: Current Trends and Future Directions," 2023 IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 12043-12056, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3071212.
10. F. S. Albrecht, L. G. Y. Lin and S. Y. McDonald, "Improving Efficiency of Quantum Safe Cryptography by Hybrid Approaches," 2022 IEEE International Symposia on Information Theory (ISIT), Espoo, Finland, 2022, pp. 557-562, doi: 10.1109/ISIT.2022.9765629.
11. J.D. Keane, B. P. Gallagher and T. V. Patel, "Quantum-Secure Blockchain for the Future: Combining PQC and Blockchain in IoT," 2021, 2021IEEE Blockchain, Lisbon, Portugal, 20. 11-2021199-206, doi: 10.1109/Blockchain52628.2021.00032.
12. D. O. Spies, M. O. Trunko and D. F. Bush, "A Novel Post-Quantum Signature Scheme for IoT Networks," 2024 in.109/TII.2024.3093492, Jul. 2024.
13. L. A. Bender and K. C. Jordan, "Quantum-Safe Encryption Analysis of Real Time Messaging Systems," 2023, pp. 2954-2968, 2023, pp. 2954-2968, 2023, pp. 2954-2968, 2023, pp. 2954-2968,2023, pp. 2954-2968,
14. H. A. Zhou, D. W. Yuan and P. B. Simmons, "Efficient Quantum Safe Communication Protocols for Data Integrity in Critical Infrastructure," 2025 IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2025, pp. 2129-2135, doi: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2025.9787410.
15. G. K. Kwan and S. V. Hall, "Implementing Quantum-Safe Algorithms in Real-World Networks: A Survey," 2021 IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 1084 - 1096, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3035561.
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