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Original Article
Hidden Cost of Cloud Abstraction
Zaw Zaw Htwe1
Arun Udayasuriyan2
1 Student, Department of BSc IT, Faculty of IT & CS, Parul University, Gujarat, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of MCA, Faculty of IT & CS, Parul University, Gujarat, India.
Published Online: January-February 2026
Pages: 101-104
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijire.20260701012
References
1. B. Beyer, C. Jones, J. Petoff, and N. R. Murphy, Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems. Sebastopol, CA,
USA: O’Reilly Media, 2016.
2. R. I. Cook, “How Complex Systems Fail,” Cognitive Technologies Laboratory, Univ. of Chicago, Tech. Rep., 2000.
3. J. Allspaw, “The Infinite Hows,” USENIX; login: vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 26–32, 2018.
4. C. Sridharan, Distributed Systems Observability. Sebastopol, CA, USA: O’Reilly Media, 2018.
5. D. Yuan, Y. Luo, X. Zhuang, G. Ren, Z. Li, X. Zhang, B. Jain, and M. Stumm, “Simple Testing Can Prevent Most Critical Failures:
An Analysis of Production Failures in Distributed Data-Intensive Systems,” in Proc. 11th USENIX Conf. Operating Systems Design
and Implementation (OSDI), 2014, pp. 249–265.
6. Google Cloud, “Google Cloud Incident Reports,” [Online]. Available: https://status.cloud.google.com/incident-history. Accessed: Jan.
2026.
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https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/technology/pes/. Accessed: Jan. 2026.
8. D. L. Parnas, “On the Criteria to Be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules,” Commun. ACM, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1053–1058,
Dec. 1972.
9. Flexera, "2023 State of the Cloud Report," Flexera, Itasca, IL, USA, 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://www.flexera.com/blog/cloud/cloud-computing-trends-2023-state-of-the-cloud-report/
10. Google Cloud, "2023 Accelerate State of DevOps Report," DORA Research, 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://cloud.google.com/devops/state-of-devops
11. Gartner, “Gartner Forecasts Worldwide Public Cloud End-User Spending to Reach $723 Billion in 2025,” Gartner Press Release, Oct.
2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom
USA: O’Reilly Media, 2016.
2. R. I. Cook, “How Complex Systems Fail,” Cognitive Technologies Laboratory, Univ. of Chicago, Tech. Rep., 2000.
3. J. Allspaw, “The Infinite Hows,” USENIX; login: vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 26–32, 2018.
4. C. Sridharan, Distributed Systems Observability. Sebastopol, CA, USA: O’Reilly Media, 2018.
5. D. Yuan, Y. Luo, X. Zhuang, G. Ren, Z. Li, X. Zhang, B. Jain, and M. Stumm, “Simple Testing Can Prevent Most Critical Failures:
An Analysis of Production Failures in Distributed Data-Intensive Systems,” in Proc. 11th USENIX Conf. Operating Systems Design
and Implementation (OSDI), 2014, pp. 249–265.
6. Google Cloud, “Google Cloud Incident Reports,” [Online]. Available: https://status.cloud.google.com/incident-history. Accessed: Jan.
2026.
7. Amazon Web Services, “AWS Post-Incident Summaries,” [Online]. Available:
https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/technology/pes/. Accessed: Jan. 2026.
8. D. L. Parnas, “On the Criteria to Be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules,” Commun. ACM, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 1053–1058,
Dec. 1972.
9. Flexera, "2023 State of the Cloud Report," Flexera, Itasca, IL, USA, 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://www.flexera.com/blog/cloud/cloud-computing-trends-2023-state-of-the-cloud-report/
10. Google Cloud, "2023 Accelerate State of DevOps Report," DORA Research, 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://cloud.google.com/devops/state-of-devops
11. Gartner, “Gartner Forecasts Worldwide Public Cloud End-User Spending to Reach $723 Billion in 2025,” Gartner Press Release, Oct.
2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom
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