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The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has notified the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026 (S.O. 388(E), dated 27 January 2026), bringing the framework into force from 1 April 2026. The Rules shift municipal solid waste management from an “advisory” regime to a measurable, audit-led compliance system. Core upgrades include mandatory four-stream segregation at source (wet, dry, sanitary, special-care), clear compliance thresholds for bulk waste generators with strengthened on-site processing obligations, and a polluter-pays-aligned environmental compensation mechanism for defined non-compliances. A centralised online portal, mandatory reporting and audits, graded siting/buffer guidance, formal recognition of MRFs, restrictions on landfilling to true residuals, and time-bound legacy dumpsite remediation together establish traceability, accountability, and landfill diversion as enforceable outcomes rather than aspirational targets.